Cultural Values Study of SITARO Society ' s Motto

The form of culture as a system of ideas is very abstract, cannot be touched or photographed and is contained in the minds of individuals who adhere to that culture. One form of culture in the SITARO community is a reflection of the SITARO community's motto, namely "Pakatiti Tuhema, Pakanandu Mangena, Boleng Balang Singkahindo". Considering the importance of knowing the cultural values of the SITARO community through their motto, as well as the lack of research discussing these cultural values, the purpose of this study is to analyze the cultural values contained in the SITARO community's motto. In this study, the researcher used a qualitative method. In addition, the data collection process used a semi-structured interview technique with additional data from observations and literature studies, so as to get more detailed results from the problems raised. The results of the analysis show that the motto of the SITARO community is the basis of every activity they do both in the family and community environment. This reflection of SITARO's motto produces a very large positive impact in people's lives which then creates an environment that is mutually helpful, supportive and focused on a common goal. In addition, in the future, it is hoped that further researchers will be able to study more deeply about the cultures that exist in SITARO, as well as research that can contribute to cultural learning in Indonesia, especially in North Sulawesi Province.


INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is a country that has cultural diversity in it because it consists of various ethnicities and ethnic groups. Each region has a culture that characterizes and becomes the pride of the area. Indonesia is also an archipelagic country that is quite large with a population spread over mountainous areas, lowlands, and coastal areas with different environmental characteristics, thus creating cultural diversity in each region (Koentjaraningrat, 2007). Cultural wealth and the values that exist in it are a gift that must be grateful for and preserved. Cultural values that are so rich in character values need to be introduced to the younger generation in order to create a generation that has an identity based on national culture. Culture is a way of life that develops, is shared by a group of people, and is passed down from generation to generation. Culture is formed from an element, namely the system of religion, politics, customs, language and works of art (Koentjaraningrat, 2005). Culture is also a comprehensive lifestyle that is complex, abstract and broad, and many aspects of culture also determine communicative behaviour (Ola, 2021). In addition, culture is a complex whole, which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs and other abilities, as well as habits acquired by humans as members of society, the elements of behavior formation are supported and passed on by the community members.
In general, culture is something that comes from society and provides certain boundaries so as to form an identity. Culture is a pattern of people's life that is complex, comprehensive, and quite abstract (Kistanto, 2017). Culture can also be interpreted as a way of life for certain people to achieve goals that have become a common consensus. So that the culture of a particular society may be different from other community groups. Culture is formed through a long process and over a long period of time (Nugraha, 2019). In fact, the culture will be passed down to the next generation through a process of internalization and socialization to form a cognitive construction of identity. Therefore, its constituent elements include knowledge, belief, art, morals, customary law and all other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society. Cultural analysis is the study of society that describes the order of values, norms, beliefs, and behavior of society (Bani, 2021). In the analysis of culture in this research, the researcher will look at the culture in the community groups involved as part of the object of research. The values, norms, and behaviors produced by the community are related to the cultural motto in society which will eventually produce a new culture, both in terms of the way of life in society, from the mindset or behavior.

Review of Literature
The initial concept of culture that comes from the study of primitive societies contains a practical side, as a source of strength that is intended to influence the chain of modern ideas and actions (Manuho et al., 2018). Establishing a relationship between what the uncultured ancient humans thought and did, and what modern cultured men think and do, is not a matter of unapplicable theoretical science, for it raises problem, to what extent modern views and behavior are based on the most reasonable foundations of modern science. In the second half of the 19th century Sir Edward Burnett Tylor father of Cultural Anthropology, Professor of Anthropology at the University of Oxford, England, undertook a series of studies of "primitive" societies, which included the cultural development of human society goes beyond the transitional phases "from savage through barbaric to civilized life," from wild society, through barbaric life to civilized life (Koentjaraningrat, 2005). This study of the culture of human society is presented in 2 (two) volumes of books entitled Primitive Culture with a thickness of almost 1000 pages, covering various aspects of life and survival, spiritual life, magical powers, magic, astrology, children's games, proverbs, nursery rhymes, customary resilience, rites of sacrifice, emotional and imitative language, the art of counting, various kinds and varieties of mythologies, to various kinds and varieties of animism, rites and ceremonies.
According to (Koentjaraningrat, 2007) culture means the fruit of the human mind. This is the result of human struggle against two strong influences, namely those relating to the nature of nature and time (nature and society) which are evidence of the triumph of human life to overcome various obstacles and difficulties in life and livelihood in order to achieve safety and happiness which is born orderly and peace. It can be said that culture contains a knowledge system that includes a system of ideas or ideas contained in the human mind, then culture is also abstract. Cultural values are values that exist and develop in society (Normina, 2017). Because cultural values are the first level of ideal or customary culture. Cultural values are the most intangible layer and the space is wide. So cultural value is something that is very influential and is used as a guide or reference for a certain community group.

METHOD
This research is a qualitative descriptive study. This qualitative research intends to understand the phenomenon of what is experienced by the research subject holistically, and by means of description in the form of words and language, in a special natural context and by utilizing various natural methods (Arikunto, 2010). A descriptive explanatory approach was chosen to understand a case as a whole, systematically, factually, and accurately regarding empirical facts. Qualitative research is directed at its original condition, that the data is stated in a reasonable condition or as it is in accordance with what is in the field, so that researchers can make interpretations based on data in the field from observations and results of literature reviews related to the problem. Existing facts are processed into data, presented in a narrative in the form of a report so that the results are more in-depth in accordance with the sharpness of the researcher's analysis. In the process of collecting data, the data in this study were collected by means of observation, semi-structured interviews, and literature studies.

RESULT
The Regency of the Siau Islands, Tagulandang, Biaro or SITARO Regency for short is a district in the province of North Sulawesi, Indonesia, with the capital city Ondong Siau, this district originated from the division of the Sangihe and Talaud Islands Regencies in 2007. The population of this district until the end of 2021 amounted to 72,135 people. The establishment of the Sitaro Islands Regency was a joint struggle between the community, the government and the Sitaro Regency Formation Committee chaired by Drs. Jason Denti Sagune (Manuho et al., 2018 (Koentjaraningrat, 2007) and (Liliweri, 2019) many people interpret the culture in terms of a limited or broad concept of culture. So because of its breadth, for the purposes of analyzing the concept of culture, it needs to be broken down into its elements. The greatest elements that occur due to the breakdown of the first stage are called "universal cultural elements", and are elements that can certainly be found in all cultures in the world. Therefore, the elements of cultural values that will be seen in this study are elements of knowledge systems and social organizations.

Pakatiti Tuhema (Analytic/Observant)
The cultural values contained in the word "pakatiti tuhema" are closely related to the knowledge system in cultural elements. According to (Essing, 2021) Knowledge systems in universal culture are related to systems of living equipment and technology because knowledge systems are abstract and manifest in human ideas. The knowledge system is very broad because it includes human knowledge about the various elements used in life. For example, people usually have knowledge of traditional astronomy, namely the calculation of the day based on the moon or celestial bodies that are considered to provide signs for human life. In general, the people of the SITARO Archipelago work as fishermen, the cultural elements of the pakatiti tuhema which include traditional cultural knowledge from the fishermen there make them have an analytical about the weather but also about the state of the sea even though they do not use any technology to help them predict it. The reflection of this pakatiti tuhema is then used by the community not only limited to their knowledge of predicting the weather and sea conditions, but other reflections of this pakatiti tuhema are also used as a basis for socializing.
In addition, talking about analytics of SITARO community, analytic is related to the thinking process, namely by gathering information to solve problems effectively. Analytical thinking is often combined with critical thinking because the definitions are the same and require good analytical skills. According to one of the informants, pakatiti tuhema has a deep meaning, especially in the aspect of knowledge. Pakatiti tuhema includes a complex way of thinking which can then be called analytic. Another informant said that this pakatiti tuhema is an aspect of the culture of the SITARO community which is the main foundation of society. The complexity of this Pakatiti tuhema is not only analytic but also observant in all matters relating to social life. Therefore, this "pakatiti tuhema" contains elements of culture in the knowledge system that explains the ability to think critically and question every important aspect in a problem that is related both in everyday life and in social life. This Pakatiti tuhema becomes a basic guideline for the SITARO community in the element of knowledge used in social life. Pakatiti tuhema in practices, is used by the community to collect and analyze information, solve a problem, and also make decisions.

Pakanandu Mangena (Intelligent in thinking and acting)
In general the people of SITARO work as fishermen, coastal communities who work as fishermen depend on the sea for their lives so they must know the conditions of the sea to determine the best time to catch fish in the sea. The role of pakanandu mangena is also often used by fishermen to predict sea conditions so that they can decide on the right step when they want to sail. Knowledge of the condition of the sea is obtained through the signs or locations of the stars, moon and various other positions in the sky, said an informant. Knowledge in predicting this is an activity or ability of a community that is considered prominent for those with fishing professions. Not only that, the element of pakananadu mangena is also often used by the community not only when sailing, but in social life, it is often used as a basis for thinking.
Intelligent people will know the limits of their abilities and will not act as if they know everything, if they cannot do it or do not know something they will admit it. Then they will also be open minded and learn much more from others (Marsono, 2019). One of the informants said that pakanandu mangena is one of the most important aspects in making a big decision, where this aspect is often applied by the community when there is a meeting. In addition, the pakanandu mangena is not only limited to the brain and feeling but is more complex than that, so that later when there is a decision to be made, everything has been carefully thought out. The reflection of the cultural elements of "pakanandu mangena" in the SITARO archipelago community, is applied during the decision-making process, either in a meeting or deliberation with the government at the regional or district level. Also, this pakanandu mangena is a very complex thought that involves not only one sense in humans but all of the senses, so that in the process of involvement everything has really been thought out thoroughly and perfectly, said another informant. Pakanandu mangena was adopted as the main basis by the SITARO community in making the right decision, determining a step, processing information or discussing big things that will become the goals of the village and district governments.

Boleng Balang Singkahindo (Collaboration/Work Together)
Each community group's life is governed by customs and rules regarding the various entities in the environment in which he lives and associates from day to day. Furthermore, humans will be classified into levels of geographic locality to form social organizations in their lives (Adha & Susanto, 2020). In line with this statement, in general the people of SITARO work as fishermen, fishermen in the SITARO islands work by relying on their fishing abilities, for fishermen this fishing job is very important to be able to meet their daily needs. In their work, the fishermen go to sea together in the hope of getting a lot of marine catches. According to an informant, in their activities, everyone always needs the presence and role of others in running their business. Therefore, this reflection from "boleng balang singkahindo" led to the formation of collaboration. Based on the expression of one of the informants, fishermen certainly need the role of other people or friends to be able to help their work. Therefore, the fishermen cooperate with other fishermen so that they can help each other in their work. The fishermen carry out this sea cooperation based on the will of their respective fishermen without any coercion from other.
In addition, other images or reflections of "boleng balang singkahindo" are not only used in carrying out their profession as fishermen, but also practiced by the SITARO community in social life in relation to the government. One of the informants said that the reflection of "boleng balang singkahindo" was not only limited to the scope of work of the community as fishermen, but other reflections also occurred in the community. Where, "boleng balang singkahindo" is an element of community culture that is often practiced when there are certain events in the family or community environment. For example, working together in the preparation of traditional village events, working together in the success of programs that have been proposed by the local government. Moreover, it also cooperates for environmental cleaning based on directions from the government. This environmental clean-up is not only limited to one person's environment but is comprehensive which all communities must be involved in.

CONCLUSION
The motto "Pakatiti Tuhema, Pakanandu Mangena, Boleng Balang Singkahindo" or "observant, intelligent in thinking and acting, working together" contains cultural values that are very important to be studied and preserved. The cultural values of this motto become the main basis for thinking, behaving well in the family, work and social circles. The reflection of the cultural values embodied in the SITARO community's motto produces many positive impacts, such as being more analytical and intelligent in considering and making decisions, thinking and calculating things wisely so that when making decisions/the impact of the actions is minimized. In addition, the complexity of the SITARO community's motto, makes people live in an environment that helps each other, supports each other, respects each other, and focuses more on mutual progress and is not selfish. From these results, it can be recommended that the cultural value of the SITARO community's motto may be able to make its own contribution both for future researchers to be able to study more deeply about this Motto or use the research results as a starting point to examine other cultural values of the SITARO community. It is also hoped that this research can contribute to the cultural learning process in schools in Indonesia, especially in the SITARO archipelago, North Sulawesi.